Here’s what you need to know:Europe confronts coronavirus as Italy seeks to contain spike in cases.Death toll in Iran rises to at least 12, drawing fears of further spread in the Middle East.Global stocks plummet over coronavirus concerns.W.H.O. says world isn’t prepared for a global outbreak.Wuhan walks back an announcement that it will ease lockdown.Read updates in Chinese: 新冠病毒疫情最新消息汇总 ImageThe Milan cathedral was closed on Monday.Credit...Andrea Mantovani for The New York TimesEurope confronts coronavirus as Italy seeks to contain spike in cases.As Italy locked down 50,000 people in 10 towns to contain the first major coronavirus outbreak in Europe — and a fifth person there died from the virus — a growing nervousness pervaded the continent, with officials in nearby countries pledging to keep the outbreak from spreading further. On Monday, the total number of cases in Italy rose to 219 from at least 152 cases a day earlier, according to Angelo Borrelli, the head of the Civil Protection Agency and the coordinator of the country’s coronavirus emergency response. More than 100 of those cases are in the northern region of Lombardy. Italian officials on Monday confirmed a fifth death attributed to the coronavirus, an 88-year-old man from Caselle Landi, about 70 kilometers south of Milan. At least 26 coronavirus patients are in intensive care, officials said. The spike in Italy has already prompted an aggressive response. Besides the lockdown of the 10 towns in Lombardy, where a sizable cluster of coronavirus infections has emerged, Italy also approved emergency measures that apply throughout the country. Residents on lockdown were supposed to leave or enter their towns only with special permission, and police and military forces were deployed to monitor the entrances to the towns. Officials closed schools and canceled the last two days of the Venice carnival, as well as trade fairs, opera performances and soccer matches. Mr. Borrelli told the Italian daily Corriere della Sera that the government had set aside 3,000 beds for new patients at military sites. The virus is also affecting Milan, the country’s economic engine, though the city is not currently under quarantine. The stock market in Milan dropped more than 4 percent on Monday, and many tourist attractions, including the city’s famed cathedral, were closed. The city’s streets felt quieter felt than usual on Monday. Some colleges canceled classes, while international students moved up planned departure dates out of fear of being stranded. Coronavirus Map: Tracking the Spread of the OutbreakThe virus has infected more than 79,500 people in China and 32 other countries. The southern region of Basilicata imposed a 14-day quarantine on people coming from affected northern regions, and passengers from an Alitalia flight from Rome to the African island of Mauritius were given a choice of quarantine or immediate return. Alitalia said none of the passengers had demonstrated symptoms of the coronavirus but had decided to return to Italy. The virus presents Europe with perhaps its greatest challenge since the 2015 migration crisis, which radically altered the politics of the European Union and exposed its institutional weaknesses. A spread of the virus would test the fundamental principle of open borders within much of Europe — so central to the identity of the bloc — as well as the vaunted but strained European public health systems. A European commissioner said the European Union was in constant contact with the authorities in Italy, but the surge of cases has heightened vigilance in neighboring countries. The authorities in Lyon, France, stopped a bus from Milan on Monday and confined the passengers inside after suspicions of a case onboard, the newspaper Le Parisien reported. Death toll in Iran rises to at least 12, drawing fears of further spread in the Middle East.The outbreak has killed at least 12 people in Iran as of Monday, state news outlets reported — the largest number of coronavirus-linked deaths outside China. The country’s deputy health minister said on Monday that at least 61 people had tested positive for the virus. Tehran announced a weeklong closure of schools, universities and cultural centers across 14 provinces in an effort to curb the outbreak. Experts have said that, based on the number of dead, the total number of cases in Iran is probably much higher, as the illness linked to the virus appears to kill about one of every 50 people infected. The Coronavirus Outbreak What do you need to know? Start here. Updated Feb. 10, 2020 What is a Coronavirus? It is a novel virus named for the crown-like spikes that protrude from its surface. The coronavirus can infect both animals and people, and can cause a range of respiratory illnesses from the common cold to more dangerous conditions like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS. How contagious is the virus? According to preliminary research, it seems moderately infectious, similar to SARS, and is possibly transmitted through the air. Scientists have estimated that each infected person could spread it to somewhere between 1.5 and 3.5 people without effective containment measures. Where has the virus spread? The virus originated in Wuhan, China, and has sickened tens of thousands of people in China and at least two dozen other countries. How worried should I be? While the virus is a serious public health concern, the risk to most people outside China remains very low, and seasonal flu is a more immediate threat. Who is working to contain the virus? World Health Organization officials have praised China’s aggressive response to the virus by closing transportation, schools and markets. This week, a team of experts from the W.H.O. arrived in Beijing to offer assistance. What if I’m traveling? The United States and Australia are temporarily denying entry to noncitizens who recently traveled to China and several airlines have canceled flights. How do I keep myself and others safe? Washing your hands frequently is the most important thing you can do, along with staying at home when you’re sick. Iran said just days ago that it was untouched by the virus. Amid evidence that the virus may be spreading elsewhere in the Middle East — with confirmed cases in Bahrain, Iraq and Kuwait all linked to Iran — neighboring nations have put measures in place to try to limit transmissions. Pakistan and Turkey temporarily closed their borders with Iran on Sunday. Pakistan’s 596-mile border with Iran, a largely lawless area with few border controls, poses particular challenges in controlling the spread of the virus. In Afghanistan, the National Security Council said on Sunday that all travel to Iran would be reduced to “essential humanitarian needs.” The country’s first coronavirus case was confirmed on Monday. Within Iran, long lines have formed outside pharmacies, and there is a shortage of masks and disinfectants, according to health officials and people in Iran. Officials have warned that hospitals are overstretched, and urged people to refrain from emergency room visits unless they have acute symptoms. Although the origin of the outbreak in Iran is unclear, the country’s health minister said that Chinese carriers were a source of the outbreak, the Fars news agency reported on Sunday. Ahmad Amir-Abadi, a lawmaker who represents Qom in the Iranian Parliament, criticized the government’s response and said that the death toll was much higher than reported, according to Iran’s Labor News Agency. He said that 50 people with the virus had died in his constituency. But Eraj Harirchi, Iran’s deputy minister of health, called those claims false and vowed to resign if they proved to be true. “We reject the death of 51. No one has the authority for announcing such news,” Mr. Harirchi said, according to state-run Fars news agency, maintaining the death toll was still at 12. Global stocks plummet over coronavirus concerns.Global markets fell on Monday as investors worried that the economic disruption the outbreak has already caused in China might have wider impact. The S&P 500 dropped nearly 3 percent at the start of trading, after European markets recorded their worst day since 2016 and major benchmarks in Asia closed sharply lower. The Dow Jones industrial average fell more than 900 points. In Asia, the South Korean market slumped nearly 4 percent after a surge in cases of the coronavirus confirmed there over the weekend. Australian shares dropped over 2 percent, while the Hong Kong index fell 1.8 percent. The coronavirus epidemic in China has already severely curtailed economic growth in the country. Factories have been slow to reopen, partly because mass quarantines have prevented many employees from returning to their jobs but also because demand in China has at least temporarily collapsed for a wide variety of goods. Auto sales plummeted 92 percent in the first two weeks of February compared to the period time last year. Investors have been on edge since the start of the crisis, because of the role that China’s factories play in global business and because it is a huge consumer market itself. But fresh reports that the virus is not contained are “signaling alarm bells,” a market analyst at Citigroup wrote Monday. Oil prices slid as demand for crude waned because of concerns about a widening economic slowdown. W.H.O. says world isn’t prepared for a global outbreak.As confirmed cases of the coronavirus spiked on two continents, the World Health Organization warned on Monday that the world is not ready for a major outbreak, even as it says the epidemic appears to be coming under control in China. Bruce Aylward, a Canadian doctor and epidemiologist who led the global health body’s mission to China, credited the draconian lockdown measures imposed in late January for controlling the crisis, but he also warned that it could quickly flare up again if measures were not sustained. Since late January, the Chinese government has sealed off cities, shut down businesses and schools, and ordered people to avoid mass gatherings. Dr. Alyward said those measures had most likely prevented tens or even hundreds of thousands of infections. “In the face of what has been a previously unknown disease, China has taken one of the most ancient strategies for infectious disease control and rolled out probably the most ambitious and I would say agile and aggressive disease-contagion efforts in history,” Dr. Aylward, who led a team to China, said at a news conference in Beijing on Monday. While the decline is real, he noted that there is a risk that numbers in China could increase again. He said that governments needed to act fast, isolate cases quickly and implement social distancing measures like shutting down schools and limiting gatherings. “We have all got to look at our systems, because none of them work fast enough,” he said. Since Feb. 12, the number of new confirmed cases in China has generally fallen, though there have been fluctuations at times. What is unclear to many public health experts is whether the shortage of testing kits is causing a large number of cases to remain undetected. Another major concern: Health care workers are still contracting the virus despite official pledges to protect them. Liang Wannian, a senior official with China’s National Health Commission, said during the news conference on Monday that more than 3,000 health care workers were infected in China. Wuhan walks back an announcement that it will ease lockdown.The announcement was striking: Wuhan, the Chinese city at the center of the coronavirus epidemic, would begin easing a sweeping lockdown imposed by officials in late January by allowing some people to leave. But just hours after news of the change on Monday, the authorities backtracked, saying the announcement had been made in error. The reversal prompted anger and confusion in China and added to fears that the government was mishandling its response to the virus. The government in Wuhan, a city of 11 million, has previously been criticized as acting too slowly and concealing information about the outbreak. “I just went to the bathroom and the policy was changed when I came out,” one user wrote on Weibo, a popular Chinese social media site. “Who is Wuhan listening to?” VideotranscriptBackbars0:00/4:09-4:09transcript China Is Censoring Coronavirus Stories. These Citizens Are Fighting Back.Information about the coronavirus outbreak is not immune from Chinese censors. But more and more citizens are dodging censorship by creating a digital archive of deleted posts. They told us how.Voices like these from Chinese citizens are very rare. People who are willing to speak out about the government’s attempts to control news about the deadly coronavirus. They asked to remain anonymous, because what they’re doing could put them and their families at great risk. But these people are part of a new wave of Chinese citizens, fighting to get the message out in a country that aggressively censors information. Accounts or messages like these calling for free speech are quickly scrubbed from the internet. Or videos like this, showing people frustrated about life under lockdown. [clanging] Posted online one day, but gone the next. But the crisis over the coronavirus is changing the landscape, for now at least. Everyday citizens are preserving and reposting information the government doesn’t want out there. Experts say this kind of digital resistance is happening at a scale they’ve never seen before. Social media networks like YouTube, Facebook and Twitter are blocked in China. But internet savvy people use techniques that allow them to repost censored content to these platforms, while staying under the radar of authorities. They’re creating a visual archive by preserving videos like this one, showing overwhelmed hospitals. [screaming] And they’re reposting people’s personal stories. Some are also turning to less obvious platforms, including GitHub, which is a site mostly used by coders. Another taboo Chinese citizens are pushing back on? They’re making open and widespread calls for freedom of speech. These were triggered by the death of Dr. Li Wenliang. He was an early whistleblower who warned about the virus, and was punished by officials for speaking out. He died in early February from the coronavirus. Right after his death, the hashtag “I want freedom of speech” started to trend on Weibo, a Chinese social media site. Then, it was quickly censored by the government. Dr. Li’s become an icon in the online fight for freedom of speech between censors and citizens. So, who’s winning? For now, citizens are staying a step ahead of the authorities. But a renewed government crackdown could test the strength of this digital resistance. Information about the coronavirus outbreak is not immune from Chinese censors. But more and more citizens are dodging censorship by creating a digital archive of deleted posts. They told us how.In the initial announcement, the authorities in Wuhan said that healthy people who did not live in the city and residents who required specialized medical treatment would be eligible to leave. Such a decision — the first relaxation of a lockdown that has kept millions of people indoors for weeks — would most likely have required approval from the central government in Beijing. The government deleted the original announcement a few hours later. In a fresh statement, the authorities in Wuhan said that the original directive had been issued without the approval of top leaders, and that it would “seriously criticize” the people responsible for the error. In South Korea, cases skyrocket to more than 800.South Korea on Monday reported 231 more cases of the virus that causes the disease Covid-19, bringing the nation’s total to 833 cases and seven deaths. President Moon Jae-in put South Korea on the highest possible alert on Sunday, a move that empowers the government to lock down cities and take other sweeping measures to contain the outbreak. “The coming few days will be a critical time for us,” Mr. Moon said at an emergency meeting of government officials to discuss the outbreak. “The central government, local governments, health officials and medical personnel and the entire people must wage an all-out, concerted response to the problem.” Many of South Korea’s coronavirus cases are in the southeastern city of Daegu, which has essentially been placed under a state of emergency, though people are still free to enter and leave the city. More than half of the people confirmed to have been infected are either members of the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, a secretive religious sect with a strong presence in Daegu, or their relatives or other contacts. On Monday, the United States Forces Korea confirmed that a dependent of a member of the armed forces living in Daegu was among those who had tested positive for the virus. China postpones annual political assembly and temporarily bans wildlife consumption.China’s top legislative body postponed the annual full meeting of the National People’s Congress and ordered a temporary ban on the consumption of all wildlife until officials draft new laws regulating the trade, which has been identified as a probable source of the new coronavirus. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s parliamentary body, had earlier signaled the delay in the annual National People’s conference meeting, reflecting how the epidemic has upended the Communist Party’s carefully choreographed and regimented political events. The committee did not announce a new date for the session, which is held with pomp and pageantry in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The decision on the consumption of wildlife reflected a groundswell of public sentiment against the custom, practiced in some parts of the country, of eating various types of wildlife, including bats, civets and hedgehogs. Although the exact course of the coronavirus’ path is still under investigation, health officials and scientists say it spread outward from a wholesale market in Wuhan where vendors sold live wild animals in crowded stalls in close quarters with meat, vegetables and other products. Chinese law currently allows people to raise or hunt 54 different animals, birds, reptiles and insects. In a statement, the committee indicated that it would look to strengthen the existing laws, as well as the punishments for violations, but that it would take some time to do so. The trafficking of endangered or threatened wildlife, such as pangolins, is already prohibited. “Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic, the outstanding problems of excessive consumption of wild animals and its huge hidden dangers to public health safety have attracted wide attention from all walks of life,” the committee’s statement said, “but a comprehensive revision of the wildlife protection law requires a process.” Samsung plant reopens after infected employee prompts shutdown.Samsung, the world’s largest smartphone maker, said on Monday that it had restarted operations at a factory in South Korea that was shut down over the weekend after an employee there tested positive for the new coronavirus. Also on Monday LG Electronics, another South Korean electronics maker, said it had closed a research facility in Incheon after an employee’s family member was confirmed to have contracted the virus. The facility is expected to reopen on Tuesday, a company spokesman said. Samsung’s plant, in the southeastern city of Gumi, is not far from Daegu, which South Korean officials have essentially placed on lockdown after discovering a large number of infections there. Disease control experts are watching South Korea closely, concerned that it could become a hot zone for the virus outside China. South Korea has so far reported more than 800 infections and seven deaths. President Moon Jae-in put the nation on the highest possible alert on Sunday, empowering the government to lock down cities and restrict people’s movements. Samsung, a pillar of the South Korean economy, manufactures mobile devices in Vietnam and India in addition to its home country. An employee at the Gumi complex was found to be infected with the new virus on Saturday, Samsung said, and the facility was shut the same day. A company spokeswoman said the floor where the infected employee worked would remain closed until Tuesday. Afghanistan confirms first case along porous border with Iran.Afghanistan declared a state of emergency in the western province of Herat on Monday after health officials confirmed the country’s first case of coronavirus in the region, which shares a porous border with Iran. “The case was identified right away and measures taken — the patient’s health is under control and there isn’t concern about the individual’s health at this point,” Health Minister Ferozuddin Feroz said. Mr. Feroz said it was estimated that more than 1,000 Afghans from Herat had traveled over the past few weeks, to Qom, Iran, a place of pilgrimage for Shiite Muslims because of its many shrines. He said officials were identifying those people for more screening and tests. Five were staying in an 80-bed quarantine center that had been established in Herat, he added. The patient confirmed to have the virus was among five Afghan citizens who had been in Qom, the city where the first cases and fatalities were reported in Iran. They transited through Dubai before returning to Herat, Mr. Feroz said. Afghanistan’s National Security Council said on Sunday that the country had suspended air and ground transport to Iran and asked for consular services to be limited to “essential humanitarian needs.” Usually, huge numbers of Afghan migrant workers travel back and forth across the border. Beyond that, the border between the two countries is punctured by extensive smuggling routes, leaving concern even after official measures to limit formal movement. Reporting and research was contributed by Choe Sang-Hun, Raymond Zhong, Russell Goldman, Javier C. Hernández, Albee Zhang, Elisabetta Povoledo, Austin Ramzy, Motoko Rich, Makiko Inoue, Salman Masood, Emma Bubola, Mujib Mashal, Megan Specia, Steven Lee Myers, Sui-Lee Wee, Claire Fu and Amber Wang.