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'Diamond rain' on Uranus and Neptune seems likely - Livescience.com
Jan 11, 2022 1 min, 35 secs

The ice giants Uranus and Neptune don't get nearly enough press; all the attention goes to their larger siblings, mighty Jupiter and magnificent Saturn. .

Related: Icy planets' diamond rain created in laser laboratory.

"ice giants" may conjure the image of a Tolkien-esque creature, but it's the name astronomers use to categorize the outermost planets of the solar system, Uranus and Neptune.

But truth be told, we don't know a lot about the interiors of the ice giants.

To try to understand what's inside those planets, astronomers and planetary scientists have to take that meager data and combine it with laboratory experiments that try to replicate the conditions of those planets' interiors.

And it's through that combination of mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments that we realized Uranus and Neptune might have so-called diamond rain.

The reasoning was pretty simple: We know what Uranus and Neptune are made of, and we know that stuff gets hotter and denser the deeper into a planet you go.

The mathematical modeling helps fill in the details, like that the innermost regions of the mantles of these planets likely have temperatures somewhere around 7,000 kelvins (12,140 degrees Fahrenheit, or 6,727 degrees Celsius) and pressures 6 million times that of Earth's atmosphere.

- Icy Planets' Diamond Rain Created in Laser Laboratory.

That won't be an option anytime soon, so we have to go with the second-best way: laboratory experiments.

No, Uranus and Neptune don't contain vast quantities of polystyrene, but the plastic was much easier than methane to handle in the laboratory and, presumably, behaves very similarly.

Also, Uranus and Neptune can keep up those pressures for a lot longer than a laboratory laser, so the diamonds could presumably grow to be a lot larger than nano-sized.

Based on everything we know about the composition of the ice giants, their internal structures, results from laboratory experiments and our mathematical modeling, diamond rain is a very real thing.

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